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DVB-C: Technical Description Of The DVB-C Transmitter
With reference to the figure, a short description of the single processing blocks follows.
* Source coding and MPEG-2 multiplexing MUX: video, audio, and data streams are multiplexed into an MPEG program stream MPEG-PS. One or more MPEG-PSs are joined together into an MPEG transport stream MPEG-TS. This is the basic digital stream which is being transmitted and received by home set top boxes STB. Allowed bitrates for the transported MPEG-2 depend on a number of modulation parameters: it can range from about 6 to about 64 Mbit/s see the bottom figure for a complete listing.
* MUX adaptation and energy dispersal: the MPEG-TS is identified as a sequence of data packets, of fixed length 188 bytes. With a technique called energy dispersal, the byte sequence is decorrelated.
* External encoder: a first level of protection is applied to the transmitted data, using a nonbinary block code, a Reed-Solomon RS 204, 188 code, allowing the correction of up to a maximum of 8 wrong bytes for each 188-byte packet.
* External interleaver: convolutional interleaving is used to rearrange the transmitted data sequence, such way it becomes more rugged to long sequences of errors.
* Byte/m-tuple conversion: data bytes are encoded into bit m-tuples m = 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8.
* Differential coding: In order to get a rotation-invariant constellation, this unit shall apply a differential encoding of the two Most Significant Bits MSBs of each symbol.
* QAM Mapper: the bit sequence is mapped into a base-band digital sequence of complex symbols. There are 5 allowed modulation modes: 16-QAM, 32-QAM, 64-QAM, 128-QAM, 256-QAM.
* Base-band shaping: the QAM signal is filtered with a raised-cosine shaped filter, in order to remove mutual signal interference at the receiving side.
* DAC and front-end: the digital signal is transformed into an analog signal, with a digital-to-analog converter DAC, and then modulated to radio frequency by the RF front-end.
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